Understanding Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS)

04/25/2025
EMS in Horses

Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) is a condition in horses characterised by:

  • Insulin Dysregulation: Horses with EMS exhibit inappropriate insulin responses, leading to elevated insulin levels (hyperinsulinemia) without corresponding high blood glucose levels.​
  • Obesity and Regional Adiposity: Affected horses often have increased fat deposits, especially in the neck (cresty neck) and tailhead regions.​
  • Laminitis Risk: EMS significantly increases the risk of laminitis, a painful and potentially debilitating inflammation of the tissues (laminae) bonding the hoof wall to the pedal bone in the hoof.​

EMS is commonly seen in “easy keeper” breeds like ponies, Arabians, and Mustangs, which are genetically predisposed to efficient energy storage—a trait advantageous in the wild but problematic in domestic settings with abundant feed and limited exercise ceh.vetmed.ucdavis.edu.​

Parallels with Human Metabolic Disorders

Humans experience a similar cluster of conditions known as Metabolic Syndrome, which includes:

  • Insulin Resistance: The body’s cells become less responsive to insulin, leading to elevated blood glucose levels.​
  • Obesity: Particularly central obesity, which increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases.​
  • Hypertension and Dyslipidemia: High blood pressure and abnormal cholesterol levels further elevate health risks.​

The pathophysiology of EMS in horses shares notable similarities with human metabolic syndrome, including the role of adipose tissue in hormone regulation and inflammation .​PMC

Shared Risk Factors and Management Strategies

Both humans and horses develop metabolic disorders due to a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors:

  • Diet: High intake of non-structural carbohydrates (sugars and starches) can exacerbate insulin dysregulation.​Wikipedia+2Merck Veterinary Manual+2ceh.vetmed.ucdavis.edu+2
  • Physical Inactivity: Lack of regular exercise contributes to obesity and insulin resistance.​
  • Genetics: Certain breeds or individuals have a higher genetic propensity for metabolic issues.​

Management strategies for both species emphasize:

  • Dietary Adjustments: Reducing sugar and starch intake, and for horses, providing low-NSC (non-structural carbohydrate) hay.​
  • Regular Exercise: Implementing consistent physical activity to improve insulin sensitivity.​
  • Monitoring and Medical Intervention: Regular health check-ups and, when necessary, medical treatments to manage symptoms and prevent complications.​

The One Health Perspective

Recognising the parallels between human and equine metabolic disorders supports the “One Health” approach, which emphasises the interconnections of human, animal, and environmental health. By studying EMS in horses, researchers can gain insights into human metabolic conditions, and vice versa, leading to improved prevention and treatment strategies across species .​avmajournals.avma.org

Conclusion

The shared aspects of metabolic health between humans and horses highlight the importance of comprehensive care, including proper nutrition, regular exercise, and ongoing monitoring. For equestrians, understanding these connections not only enhances the well-being of their equine partners but also offers valuable insights into their own health.

At The Rider Guider, we’re committed to supporting riders in achieving balanced training routines that promote the health and performance of both horse and rider. Our app offers tailored audio guides and real-time dressage calling to assist in creating effective, health-conscious training plans.

References:

  1. Durham, A. E. (2013). Metabolic syndrome: is equine disease comparable to what we see in humans? The Veterinary Journal, 197(1), 5-6. ​PMC
  2. University of California, Davis. Equine Metabolic Syndrome. School of Veterinary Medicine. ​ceh.vetmed.ucdavis.edu
  3. Frank, N., et al. (2010). Equine Metabolic Syndrome. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 24(3), 467-475. ​
  4. American Veterinary Medical Association. A one-health approach to identifying and mitigating the impact of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on equine metabolic syndrome. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 84(2), 202-210. ​avmajournals.avma.org+1avmajournals.avma.org+1